Fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths of the uterus that frequently appear during the childbearing years. These tumors originate from the smooth muscle cells (fibroblasts) of the uterus, which become overactive and grow excessively large or densely packed, leading to uterine swelling.

The exact cause of fibroid development remains unknown, but several factors can contribute to their formation, including:

• Trauma or Injury to the Uterus: This can result from childbirth, abortion, endometriosis, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), radiation therapy for cancer treatment, and trauma from sports injuries or burns.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Certain medications, particularly progestins used to treat infertility, can disrupt hormonal balance and potentially contribute to fibroid development. These medications should be taken only under medical supervision, especially if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.

Fibroids are classified based on their location and size within the uterus:

• Submucosal Fibroids develop in the middle muscle layer (myometrium) of the uterus.
• Intramural Fibroids: The most common type, these fibroids grow within the uterine wall and can stretch the womb as they enlarge.
• Subserosal Fibroids: Located on the outer wall of the uterus, these fibroids can grow large enough to make the womb appear enlarged on one side.
• Pedunculated Fibroids: These fibroids are attached to the uterine wall by a stalk-like growth known as a peduncle.

While many fibroids are small and asymptomatic, larger fibroids can cause a range of symptoms, including:

• Excessive or painful menstrual bleeding
• Bleeding between periods
• Bloating
• Frequent urination
• Pain during sex
• Low back pain
• Constipation
• Chronic vaginal discharge
• Inability to urinate
• Increased abdominal distention, giving the appearance of pregnancy

Symptoms of uterine fibroids often stabilize or disappear after menopause due to declining hormone levels.

Several treatment options are available for managing uterine fibroids. Treatment choice depends on the size, location, severity of symptoms, and the patient's overall health and preferences. The best treatment for fibroids varies from individual to individual. Consulting with a gynecologist can help determine the most suitable option based on your condition.

Uterine fibroid treatment aims to relieve symptoms and shrink or remove the fibroids. Options include both surgical and non-surgical approaches.

Non-Surgical Fibroid Treatment: Non-surgical treatments are often preferred for managing fibroids, especially for women who wish to preserve their fertility. These options include:

• Medications: Hormonal treatments, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, can help shrink fibroids and alleviate symptoms.
• Fibroid Embolization: A minimally invasive procedure where the blood supply to the fibroid is blocked, causing it to shrink.
• Laser Treatment for Fibroids: This technique uses focused laser energy to shrink or destroy fibroid tissue.

Fibroid Removal Surgery: Surgical options for fibroid removal include:

• Myomectomy: A procedure to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus, suitable for women who wish to maintain fertility.
• Hysterectomy: The complete removal of the uterus is recommended for severe cases where other treatments have failed or if the patient does not wish to have children in the future.

Fibroid Treatment With Lifestyle Changes: In addition to medications and embolization, lifestyle changes and natural treatments can help manage fibroid symptoms. These may include:

• Dietary Adjustments: Reducing red meat and increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity can help manage symptoms and improve overall health.
• Stress Management: Techniques such as yoga, meditation, and acupuncture can help reduce stress and alleviate symptoms.

If you suspect you have fibroids or are experiencing symptoms, consult your gynecologist at the earliest. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve your quality of life and reduce the risk of complications.

Uterine fibroids are a common but treatable condition that can cause discomfort, heavy bleeding, and other complications. Dr. Sangeeta Dubey offers a range of treatment options, from medication to minimally invasive procedures, tailored to your unique needs.