Introduction

For women planning to conceive, understanding fertility potential is essential. One of the most important markers used by fertility specialists is Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), a hormone that reflects ovarian reserve — meaning the number of eggs remaining in the ovaries. Unlike other fertility tests that fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, AMH provides a stable and reliable picture of egg quantity.

Despite its importance, many women are unaware of what AMH levels truly indicate or how they influence fertility, IVF success, and long-term reproductive planning. Low AMH does not automatically mean infertility, and high AMH is not always a sign of perfect fertility — which is why proper interpretation is crucial.

Dr. Sangeeta Dubey emphasizes that understanding your AMH and ovarian reserve empowers women to make informed choices about when to conceive, whether to consider egg freezing, and when to seek early fertility support. This knowledge can reduce anxiety, prevent delays in treatment, and help set realistic, personalized expectations for future family planning.

What Is AMH?

AMH, or Anti-Müllerian Hormone, is produced by small follicles in the ovaries. It serves as an indicator of the quantity of a woman’s remaining eggs, which is often referred to as ovarian reserve.

• High AMH levels: Suggest a higher number of eggs; may be seen in younger women or those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
• Low AMH levels: Indicate reduced ovarian reserve, which can occur with age or certain medical conditions.

AMH levels are not influenced by the menstrual cycle, making it a convenient and reliable test for fertility assessment.

Why Ovarian Reserve Matters

Ovarian reserve plays a significant role in fertility because:

• It reflects egg quantity, which decreases naturally with age.
• Women with low ovarian reserve may have shorter fertility windows.
• Understanding reserve helps plan timing for conception, assisted reproductive techniques, or egg freezing.
• Ovarian reserve does not provide complete information about egg quality, which also declines with age, but it gives a critical insight into fertility potential.

Factors Affecting AMH & Ovarian Reserve

• Age: The most significant factor; egg count and quality decline naturally after 35.
• Genetics: Family history of early menopause can affect ovarian reserve.
• Medical Treatments: Chemotherapy, radiation, or ovarian surgery can lower AMH.
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking and high stress may impact ovarian function.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Often associated with high AMH due to a higher number of small follicles.

Interpreting AMH Levels

• High AMH (>4 ng/mL): Typically indicates good ovarian reserve but may require monitoring if PCOS is present.
• Normal AMH (1–4 ng/mL): Suggests adequate fertility potential for age.
• Low AMH (<1 ng/mL): Reflects reduced ovarian reserve; may require fertility planning sooner.

It is important to interpret AMH results along with age, antral follicle count, and other fertility tests to get a complete picture.

AMH & Fertility Planning

• Family Planning: Women with low AMH may consider earlier conception or egg freezing to preserve fertility.
• Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART): AMH helps predict ovarian response to stimulation in IVF cycles.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: Healthy diet, exercise, stress management, and avoiding smoking can support ovarian function.

Dr. Sangeeta Dubey advises that AMH testing is not a prediction of pregnancy success, but a valuable tool for planning and decision-making.

FAQs About AMH & Ovarian Reserve

1. Can AMH levels change over time?

AMH levels gradually decline with age. Significant drops may occur after 35, but small fluctuations are normal.

2. Does a low AMH mean I cannot get pregnant?

Not necessarily. Women with low AMH can still conceive naturally, but fertility may decline faster, and interventions might be recommended.

3. Should every woman get AMH testing?

AMH testing is useful for women planning pregnancy, those with irregular cycles, a history of infertility, or at risk of early ovarian decline.

4. Can lifestyle changes improve AMH?

Lifestyle changes may support overall reproductive health but cannot significantly increase AMH. Early planning is more effective.

5. How is AMH testing done?

A simple blood test measures AMH levels. It can be performed any day of the menstrual cycle.

Conclusion

AMH and ovarian reserve testing provide valuable insights into fertility potential. While AMH levels do not guarantee pregnancy outcomes, they allow women to make informed decisions about family planning, fertility preservation, and assisted reproductive techniques. Early assessment empowers women to take proactive steps, ensuring better control over their reproductive journey.

If You Are Planning Pregnancy or Concerned About Fertility, Schedule a Consultation With Dr. Sangeeta Dubey. Early Assessment of AMH and Ovarian Reserve Can Help You Make Informed Decisions and Plan for a Healthy Future.